Fracking: Hydraulic Fracturing
Fracking, short for hydraulic fracturing, is a method used to extract natural gas and oil from underground rock formations.
Process Overview:
- Well Drilling: A well is drilled vertically or at an angle deep into the earth.
- Horizontal Drilling: The drill may turn horizontally, accessing a larger area of the shale rock.
- Fracturing the Rock: High-pressure mixture of water, sand, and chemicals is injected into the well, creating fractures in the rock.
- Extraction: Released gas or oil flows back up the well to the surface for collection and processing.
Controversies:
- Water Contamination: Concerns about potential groundwater contamination due to chemicals used in the process.
- Air Pollution: Release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and methane into the air.
- Earthquakes: Some areas have experienced increased seismic activity linked to fracking.
- Resource Depletion and Climate Impact: Dependence on fossil fuels obtained through fracking can contribute to climate change.
Regulations and ongoing research aim to understand and mitigate the environmental impacts of fracking.
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